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Healthy Natural Ingredients Containing Dietary Fiber. Fototapete • Fototapeten Haselnuss, Tauglichkeit, Gewichtsverlust
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), two components of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are painful conditions that affect children and adults. Despite substantial research, there is no permanent cure for IBD, and patients face an increased risk of colon cancer. Dietary fiber’s health advantages have been thoroughly investigated, and it is recommended for its enormous health benefits. This review article discusses the importance of appropriate fiber intake in managing IBD, emphasizing how optimal fiber consumption can significantly help IBD patients.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a severe and painful gastrointestinal tract disease that affects children and adults [1]. IBD is a complex disease that has a detrimental effect on people’s quality of life. Due to the severe inflammation associated with IBD, the symptoms and associated morbidity are always prevalent [2]. Patients with IBD frequently face challenges because the disease is often accompanied by extraintestinal manifestations, is incurable, causes significant morbidity, and increases the risk of colorectal (CRC) cancer [3, 4]. The incidence of IBD has also been on the rise globally, particularly in more developed countries and newly industrialized countries [1, 2, 3, 5, 6]. Recently published data on the global incidence of IBD revealed that there are currently about 6.8 million patients with IBD globally, with the USA having the highest age-standardized prevalence rate, followed by the UK [2].
There has also been an increase in IBD incidence among the pediatric population [7]. Recent statistical data demonstrated that the pediatric prevalence of IBD in the United States has significantly increased from 33.0 per 100, 000 in 2007 to 77.0 per 100, 000 in 2016; the increase was particularly prevalent in the 10–17 age subgroups [8].
Why Is Dietary Fiber Important For Your Digestive Health?
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the most common subtypes of IBD; however, there is also a minor subgroup known as indeterminate IBD [3, 5, 6, 7].
According to reports, the global prevalence of UC is substantially more significant than the incidence of CD, and it is the most frequent form of IBD [9, 10]. Ulcerative colitis seems to have a bimodal distribution, with the age of onset peaking between 15 and 30. The senior population between 50 and 70 also experiences a second incidence wave. Males and females appear to be equally represented in UC, indicating that it is not a gender-biased disease [9, 10]. The inflammatory process in ulcerative colitis is often limited to the colon. Diffuse and continuous inflammation extending proximally from the rectum and active neutrophilic inflammation are distinguishing features [1, 3, 11]. UC appears to damage the superficial mucosa, beginning with the rectum repeatedly, and is limited to the colon, making the symptoms less dynamic [5, 12]. Goblet cell loss, lesions, and changes in the mucosal crypts are also signs of UC [10]. Colonic mucosa inflammation in UC patients produces pain, ulcers, hemorrhaging, diarrhea, and electrolyte loss [4, 5]. About a third of UC patients experience extraintestinal symptoms, and some individuals had these symptoms before they were diagnosed with IBD [10].
Crohn’s disease is a systemic inflammatory bowel illness that can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus [13]. CD can present as subversive, lacerating, or stricturing, with some individuals displaying all three phenotypes and the creation of fistulas [1, 4, 5]. In contrast to UC, the disease severity and location often dictate the associated signs and symptoms, resulting in various clinical presentations [5]. Additionally, the inflammatory pattern associated with CD may facilitate the creation of strictures throughout the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in gastric blockage, colonic obstruction, stomach pain, nausea, severe diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss [4, 5]. Physicians can also use discontinuous inflammation and distinct mouth sores or linear ulcers to separate CD from UC after endoscopy [1]. In contrast to UC, CD has the potential to extend beyond the mucosa, whereas UC is restricted to the mucosal area [1]. Histologic characteristics shared between CD and UC patients include the signs of active inflammation evidenced by an abundance of neutrophils and chronic inflammation delineated by crypt loss or damage, mucin deficiency, and lamina propria lymphocytosis [1]. While cellular and molecular mechanisms of disease have been studied in detail, many independent loci, including NOD2, ATG16L1, STAT3, and IL23 family members associated with innate immune pathways, increase CD risk [14]. Loss-of-function mutations in NOD2 [14, 15] stimulate fibrostenotic complications, and are associated with the highest risk of CD [16].
Fruits And Vegetables Containing Vitamin K, Potassium, Natural Minerals And Dietary Fiber Stock Foto
Indeterminate colitis is a poorly characterized condition affecting five to ten percent of people with inflammatory bowel disease [1, 3]. Because many CD and UC symptoms are similar, it is challenging for pathologists to discriminate between the two conditions in some patients. Both CD and UC can be present in people with indeterminate IBD, but neither can be reliably diagnosed [1, 3, 6].
Although there is no single cause of IBD, several studies have found a crosstalk between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, the host-microbiome, and the patient’s immune system that plays a role in the chronicity of the disease [3, 12, 17]. IBD is caused by various environmental factors, including smoking, diet, medications, location, stressors, and psychological factors [17]. Biologics such as anti-TNF therapy administered to CD patients provide only ~30% mucosal healing [18], while ~40% of patients show no clinical response. More recently, inhibition of JAK-STAT pathways is considered for CD [19] but remain problematic due to side effects [20]. Targeting of IL6 and IL11 for CD treatment is not yet approved while recent efforts have focused on pharmacological therapies targeting integrins in the treatment of IBD and cancer [21].
IBD development and severity have been linked to diet, a potentially modifiable environmental risk factor. A pro-inflammatory diet can cause intestinal inflammation by driving immune system dysregulation, disrupting intestinal permeability and mucus layer, alongside contributing to microbial dysbiosis [22]. As a result, many findings have focused on dietary adjustments as a therapeutic measure for IBD management.
Fda New Definition Of Dietary Fiber
The word “Fiber” does not have a single broadly accepted definition. Fiber is difficult to define because new substances are discovered with chemical properties similar to fiber but not physiological [23]. People eat fiber for its health advantages, and thus a definition based on physiological qualities is often desirable. In all known definitions, fiber is described as “carbohydrate or lignin which bypasses the small intestine and is fermented partially or entirely in the colon” [23, 24].
Dietary fiber is composed of indigestible carbohydrates found inherent to and intact in plants. These carbohydrates include the remains of edible plant cells, polysaccharides, lignin, and other compounds that are resistant to digestion by human digestive tract enzymes [24, 25, 26]. Dietary fiber can consist of pectin, mucilage, resistant starch, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, gums, and other related plant substances [25, 27]. Diets high in fiber, such as fruits and vegetables, are very beneficial to health because their consumption has been linked to a decrease in the prevalence of numerous diseases [23, 27, 28].
A high-fiber diet implements a daily dietary fiber intake that equals or exceeds the United States Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) Dietary Reference Intake for dietary fiber [23]. According to a list published by Akbar and Shreenath [23], the current daily recommended dietary fiber consumption ranges between 14 and 20 g for children, 22–30 g for adolescents, and 25–38 g for the elderly.
Disorders Associated With Low Dietary Fibre Intake
Soluble fibers, such as β-Glucans, mucilage, pectin, and gum, are water-soluble fibers generated from the inner flesh of plants. They produce a sticky gel in the colon, where bacteria digest them into gases and by-products such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Oats, barley, fruits, peas, beans, other legumes, and most root vegetables are high in soluble fibers [23].
Soluble fibers are easily digested and may improve stool volume by supporting the growth of the gut microbiome and its by-products, (SCFAs), which maintain colonic integrity and initiate a cascade of other beneficial effects. These qualities may aid in stool normalization by softening hard stool in constipation and firming loose or watery stool in diarrhea [25].
Pectin: pectin compounds are a diverse collection of polysaccharides primarily composed of d-Galacturonic
